Osteoporosis (FRAX tool, DEXA scan)

• Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2.5)

• Independent risk factors: age, RA, parental history of hip #, alcohol intake >4U/day

• First-line treatment: alendronate or risedronate

• Fracture risk assessment should be targeted: in patients with risk factors, such as smoking, this should be considered from the age of 50

• Perform measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the spine and hip if # risk ≥10% and anti-osteoporosis treatment is being considered (SIGN)

• Management of Osteoporosis and the Prevention of Fragility Fractures (SIGN, 2020)

• Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture (NICE CG 146, 2017)

• Osteoporosis (NHS Choices)

• DEXA (DXA) scan (NHS Choices)

• Calcium and Vitamin D supplements for osteoporosis (MIMS)

• Management of osteoporosis guideline (Lambeth)

• Healthy bones (NHS Choices)

• FRAX tool - calculate 10-year risk of fracture (shef.ac.uk)

• Osteoporosis - prevention of fragility fractures (CKS)