• Non-cystic bronchiectasis: 7-14 day antibiotic course should be started for infective exacerbations while awaiting sputum culture results. Previous sensitivities can guide prescribing.

• NICE Guideline. Bronchiectasis (non-cystic fibrosis), acute exacerbation: antimicrobial prescribing (NICE, 2018)

• Bronchiectasis (CKS), Bronchiectasis (NHS Choices)

Cystic fibrosis

• Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant cause of pulmonary infection throughout childhood and the early teenage years, with Haemophilus influenza the next most frequently causative organism.

• In the late teenage years, Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes more common, and remains responsible for 80% of pulmonary infection throughout adult life.

• In addition to common bacterial pathogens, more unusual organisms may cause disease in lungs damaged by CF. Secondary colonisation by fungi is common, and Aspergillus fumigatus is the cause of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with this condition.

• Cystic fibrosis (NHS Choices)